Classification of muscles

Numerous muscles (of which there are up to 400) have a different shape, structure, function and development.

The shape distinguish muscles are long, short and wide. Long muscles consistent with long levers of motion and therefore found mainly on the limbs. They have spindle-shaped, with an average of them is called abdomen, venter, one of the ends, corresponding to the beginning of the muscles is called head, caput, the other -- tail, cauda. Tendons (tendo) Long muscles are kind of narrow ribbon.

Some long muscles begin several heads (many-headed) on various bones that makes them more support. There are two-headed muscle, biceps, Triceps, tricepsAnd quadriceps, quadriceps. In the case of merger of muscles of different origin or have developed from several miogomov between them are intermediate tendon, tendon jumpers intersectiones tendineae. These muscles (mnogobryushnye) are two of the abdomen (eg, m. digastricus) or more (for example, that rectus abdominis). Vary the number of their tendons, which ends muscle. Thus, the flexors and extensors of fingers and toes have several tendons (up to 4), thereby reducing one of the muscle of the abdomen allows the motor effect immediately on several fingers, thus achieving savings in the muscles.

Large muscles are located mainly on the trunk and have extended the tendon, called the aponeurosisOr aponeurosis, aponeurosis.

There are also other forms of muscle: square (m. quadratus), triangular (triangularis), pyramidal (m. pyramidalis), round (m. teres), deltoid (m. deltoideus), gear (ha serratus), soleus (m. so-leus), etc. .

By direction of the fibers, Conditioned functionally different muscles with straight parallel fibers (m. rectus), with oblique fibers (ie obliquus), with transverse (ie transversus), with circular (ie orbicularis). Recent form zhomy, or sphincters surrounding the hole. If the oblique fibers join the tendon on the one hand, we obtain the so-called semipenniform muscle, and if the two sides, then dvuperistaya. Of particular relevance to the tendon fibers observed in the semitendinosus (m. semitendinosus) and semimembranosus (m. semimembranosus) muscles.

As muscle function divided into flexors (flexores), extensors (ehtensores), lead (adductores), Vents (abductores), rotators (rotatores) medially (pronatores) And outward (supinatores).

In relation to the jointsThrough which (one, two or more) spill muscles, they are called one-, bi-or polyarticular. Polyarticular muscles as the longer odnosustavnyh are superficial. As of differentiated superficial and deep, interior and exterior, lateral and medial muscles.