sexual stereotypes (intimate)

Stereotypes we face in many spheres of life, not excluding the intimate. There are many sexual stereotypes, as a rule, imposed on us a certain kind of literature and movies. Some stereotypes can be learned from the stories of girlfriends and friends, others - from the information you give us about sex parents. And such stereotypes often prevent intimate life.

Here are the five most common sexual stereotypes:

- Sex should be engaged in "loud". It is believed that the culmination of an intimate relationship, as well as the moments leading up to it, must be accompanied by loud sounds, expressing the degree of satisfaction of partners. For some reason it does not take into account that people with different temperaments, may react differently to the sensations experienced, and many men and women cost in obtaining pleasure without the "sound".

- All couples need a spontaneous sex. Perhaps this stereotype is caused by scenes from movies and books in which the partners "snatch" at each other anywhere: in the workplace, on the beach, at a party with friends, and perhaps in public transport. But spontaneous sex accounting for the soul not for everybody, and his absence does not mean the loss of a partner of love and desire for each other

- Sex should be diverse. For many people this is so, however, quite a few couples who have for years come into intimate relations proven, habitual way, and did not want to change.

- Sex should be slow. This also prefer not to all couples, so it all depends on the temperament and willingness to partner.

- Sex should be a "very nicely furnished. Another stereotype, inspired by literature and cinema. But in real life for a memorable night of love is not always required scented candles, lace underwear, silk sheets, wine, and other "romantic" attributes.

Protect your joints

Protection, defense, security ... In such an eternally warring country like Israel, is perhaps the most popular words. Even one of the symbols of Israel, magendavid (Shield of David) clearly speaks of this constant concern - to protect. But while our valiant army, one way or another, trying to protect us with you all together, each person individually, too, thinks about the protection: yourself, your family, your health. Few keep a person from, not Gd forbid, bullet or an explosion, we must also protect him from diseases, injuries and other lay in wait like trouble.

Injury or illness - is not a sentence.

Among the body parts in need of protection, not least the joints. After all joints - one of the most vulnerable parts of the body. The joints most often affected by various injuries, joints exposed to age-related changes, they are worn, they are erased cartilage, synovial fluid dries up, accumulate calcium salt - all these can cause a lot of the suffering patient.

Of course, the best way to prevent disease, protect against injury, but not always and not all do it, and then we overtook the pain. Nobody likes it when he has something hurts. The pain we suffer, we want it to have quickly left - and preferably forever. But the pain - the same defense mechanism. With the pain our body tells us: "Pay attention, I suffer, help me!".

The pain should not accompany human life. Injury or illness - is not a sentence. Protect the joints can and after trauma, and even if you suffer from chronic joint diseases such as arthrosis, arthritis, bursitis or other

Best defense - attack!

Best defense - attack. This is an old adage in this case could not be more timely. Protection of joints is an attack on those factors that are destroying it, and, consequently, cause pain. The Israeli hospital SUN concluded - and this is confirmed by international practice - that the most effective methods of protection are two joints: the shock-wave therapy, or, as some call it, a shock-veyv and injections of hyaluronic acid.

Using the device shock veyv can eliminate calcification of joints and ligaments, for example, after injury, and thereby ensure the mobility of joints and the complete disappearance of pain.

Hyaluronic acid - a natural shock absorber, which compensates for the lack of synovial fluid. This fluid performs a protective role in joint health, but with injuries or lost with age. And the shock veyv, and injections of hyaluronic acid does not require anesthesia, and are not associated with loss of working time, comfortable.

So, if you want to reliably protect your joints from the disease or the effects of injuries, call clinic SUN Tel. 1-800-321-123, and you will be given the advice of qualified and experienced doctors and the most modern effective treatment. Cheers!

SUN Clinic has extensive experience not only in the OrthopedicsBut also in proctology, sexuality, aesthetic medicine, plastic surgery, food intolerance, treatment of diseases of blood vessels, skin diseases.

Classification of muscles

Numerous muscles (of which there are up to 400) have a different shape, structure, function and development.

The shape distinguish muscles are long, short and wide. Long muscles consistent with long levers of motion and therefore found mainly on the limbs. They have spindle-shaped, with an average of them is called abdomen, venter, one of the ends, corresponding to the beginning of the muscles is called head, caput, the other -- tail, cauda. Tendons (tendo) Long muscles are kind of narrow ribbon.

Some long muscles begin several heads (many-headed) on various bones that makes them more support. There are two-headed muscle, biceps, Triceps, tricepsAnd quadriceps, quadriceps. In the case of merger of muscles of different origin or have developed from several miogomov between them are intermediate tendon, tendon jumpers intersectiones tendineae. These muscles (mnogobryushnye) are two of the abdomen (eg, m. digastricus) or more (for example, that rectus abdominis). Vary the number of their tendons, which ends muscle. Thus, the flexors and extensors of fingers and toes have several tendons (up to 4), thereby reducing one of the muscle of the abdomen allows the motor effect immediately on several fingers, thus achieving savings in the muscles.

Large muscles are located mainly on the trunk and have extended the tendon, called the aponeurosisOr aponeurosis, aponeurosis.

There are also other forms of muscle: square (m. quadratus), triangular (triangularis), pyramidal (m. pyramidalis), round (m. teres), deltoid (m. deltoideus), gear (ha serratus), soleus (m. so-leus), etc. .

By direction of the fibers, Conditioned functionally different muscles with straight parallel fibers (m. rectus), with oblique fibers (ie obliquus), with transverse (ie transversus), with circular (ie orbicularis). Recent form zhomy, or sphincters surrounding the hole. If the oblique fibers join the tendon on the one hand, we obtain the so-called semipenniform muscle, and if the two sides, then dvuperistaya. Of particular relevance to the tendon fibers observed in the semitendinosus (m. semitendinosus) and semimembranosus (m. semimembranosus) muscles.

As muscle function divided into flexors (flexores), extensors (ehtensores), lead (adductores), Vents (abductores), rotators (rotatores) medially (pronatores) And outward (supinatores).

In relation to the jointsThrough which (one, two or more) spill muscles, they are called one-, bi-or polyarticular. Polyarticular muscles as the longer odnosustavnyh are superficial. As of differentiated superficial and deep, interior and exterior, lateral and medial muscles.

Structure of muscle. Muscle as the body.

The muscle consists of bundles of striated (striated) muscle fibers. These fibers, running parallel to each other, bind loose connective tissue (endomysium) In the beams of the first order. Several of these primary beams are connected, in turn, forming tufts of the second order, etc. In general, the muscle bundles of all orders combined connective tissue sheath -- perimysium, Making the muscle belly. Connective layer, existing between muscle bundles, the ends of the muscle belly, moving in the tendon of the muscle.

Since muscle contraction caused by impulses from the central nervous system, each muscle connected with her nerve: afferent, is the conductor of "muscle sense" (motor analyzer, according to Pavlov), and efferent, resulting in her nervous excitement. In addition, the muscle suit sympathetic nerves, through which the muscle in a living organism is always in a state of some reduction, called a tone. In muscle occurs very energetic metabolism, and therefore they are very richly supplied with blood vessels. Vessels penetrate the muscle from its inner side in one or more points, called gate muscle. In muscle gates together with vessels and nerves are, with whom they branch out in the thickness of the muscle, respectively, muscle bundles (along and across).

In differentiated muscle activity reduces part -- abdomen and the passive part, with which it is attached to the bones -- tendon. The tendon consists of dense connective tissue and has a brilliant light-golden color, sharply distinguished from the reddish-brown color of the abdomen muscles. In most cases, the tendon is located on both ends of the muscle. When it is very short, it seems that muscle starts from the bone or attached directly to her belly. Tendon, in which the metabolism is less supplied with blood vessels poorer abdominal muscles. Thus, skeletal muscle consists not only of striated muscle tissue, but also from different types of connective tissue (perimysium, tendon), from the nervous (nerves of the muscles) from the endothelium and smooth muscle fibers (the vessels). However, the dominant is transversely striated muscle tissue, whose properties (contractility) and determines the function of muscle as an organ reduction. Each muscle is a separate body, ie, a holistic education, with its specific, a characteristic shape, structure, function, development and position in the body.

The development of muscles.

The muscles of the body should be considered in terms of their development and function, as well as the topography of the systems and groups to which they are added.

The muscles of the body develop from overlies the sides of the chord and the brain tube dorsal part of the mesoderm, which is divided into primary segments or somites. After selecting skelerotoma going to education of the spinal column, the remaining part of the dorsomedialnaya somite forms miotomWhose cells (myoblasts) are extended in the longitudinal direction and merge with each other and become in the future in symplasts muscle fibers. Part of myoblasts differentiated into specific cells - miosatellity lying next to Symplast. Myotomes grow in the ventral direction and divided into dorsal and ventral parts. From the dorsal part of the myotomes occurs dorsal (dorsal) muscles of the trunk, and from the ventral - muscles, located on the front and side of the trunk and called ventral (Fig. 66, 67).

Each miotom (Myomere) soimennogo grow into branches of spinal nerve (nevromera). Accordingly, the division of the myotomes in 2 parts of the nerve Waste 2 branches, of which the dorsal (back) part of the dorsal part of the myotomes, and ventral (front) - in the ventral. All originate from the same myotomes muscles supplied by the same spinal nerve. Nearby myotomes can coalesce with each other, but each of intergrown myotomes keeps referring to his nerve. Therefore, the muscles originating from several myotomes (eg, the rectus abdominis muscle), are innervated by several nerves. Originally myotomes on each side separated by a transverse connective tissue septa, myosepta (Fig. 68). Such a segmented arrangement of trunk muscles in the lower animals is a lifetime. The higher the same pozvonoch.yh and humans due to a greater differentiation of muscle mass segmentation is much smoother, although traces of it and remain in the dorsal (short muscles are thrown between the vertebrae), and in the ventral muscles (intercostal muscles and the rectus abdominis muscle). Part of the muscles that developed on the body, remains in place, forming a local, autochthonous musculature (autos - the same, chthon, Greek. - land). Another part of the development process moves from the trunk to the extremities. These muscles are called trunkofugalnymi (truncus - trunk, torso, fugo - rout). Finally, the third part of the muscle, which arose on the extremities, moves to the trunk. It trunkopetalpye muscle (yard - aspire). Based on the innervation is always possible to distinguish autochthonous (ie, developing in a given location) from the muscle gurus moved to this area of other muscle-alien

The musculature of the extremities formed from the mesenchyme of limbs and kidney receives its nerves from the anterior branches of spinal nerves through the brachial and lumbosacral plexus. In lower fish (villages) of the myotomes of the trunk muscles grow buds, which are divided into two layers, located on the dorsal and ventral sides of the skeleton of the fin. Similarly, at the vertebrate muscle in relation to the rudiment of the skeleton limbs initially located dorsal and ventral (extensors and flexors). With further differentiation of the rudiments of the forelimb muscles grow and in the proximal direction (trunkopetalnye muscle) and cover the autochthonous muscles of the torso from chest and back (mm. pectorales major et minor, m. latissimus dorsi). In addition to this primary muscles of the forelimb to the upper extremity are added trunkofugalnye muscles, ie, derivatives of the ventral muscles. employees for moving and fixing the belt and move it from the head (mm. trapezius and sternocleidomastoideus) and trunk (mm. rhomboideus, levator scapulae, serratus anterior, subclavius, omohyoideus). Y belt hind limb muscles of the secondary does not develop, as it still connected to the spine. The complex differentiation of the limbs of terrestrial vertebrates, especially in the higher forms, explains the function of limbs, into complex instruments that perform various kinds of motion.

Muscles of the head arise partly from the head somites, but mainly from the mesoderm gill arches. Visceral apparatus in the lower fish sostoig of solid muscle layer (total constrictor), Divided by its innervation of specific areas, coinciding with the meta-dimensional arrangement of the gill arches: 1 st gill (inferior alveolar) arc corresponds to pair of cranial nerves V (trigeminal nerve), 2 nd gill (hyoid) arch - VII pair (front nerve), the 3rd gill arch - IX pair (yazykog stalls nerve). Remainder of the total constrictor supplied a pair of branches X (vagus nerve). Behind the general constrictor segregated beam that attach to the upper extremity (trapezius muscle). When the transition from water to land in lower vertebrates stopped breathing gill-adapted for life in water, muscles gill apparatus (visceral) spread to the skull, which turned into chewing and facial muscles, but retained his connection with those parts of the skeleton, which arose from gill arches. Therefore, the chewing muscles, arising from the mandibular arch muscles and the bottom of the mouth, and are attached to the lower jaw and are innervated by trigeminal nerve (V couple). Of the muscles, the corresponding 2-nd gill arch, is mainly subcutaneous musculature of the neck and head, Inner viruemaya facial nerve (VII pair).

Muscles arising from the material of the two gill arches, have a double attachment, and a dual innervation, for example, digastric, anterior belly of which is attached to the mandible (innervation of the trigeminal nerve), and back - to the hyoid bone (innervation of the facial nerve). Visceral musculature, innervated by IX and X pairs of cranial nerves, in terrestrial vertebrates part is reduced, is part of the education of muscles of the pharynx and larynx. Trapezius muscle loses all connection with the gill arches and becomes extremely muscle upper extremity. In mammals split off from it in a separate part of the sternoclavicular-mastoid muscle. Posterior branch of the vagus nerve, Inner viruyuschaya trapezius muscle, becomes higher vertebrates in a separate cranial nerve - n. accessorius. Since the cranial in all its parts is still education, then it can not expect the development of muscles. Therefore, at the head occur only some remnants of muscles, formed from the head somites. Among them must include the eye muscles originate from the so-called prootic myotomes (innervation of III, IV and VI pairs of cranial nerves) (see Fig. 68).

Occipital myotomes, together with the front trunk myotomes usually formed by the ventral processes of particular podzhabernuyu or hyoid muscles lying under the visceral skeleton. At the expense of the muscles, penetrating to the anterior mandible, occur at the vertebrate tongue muscles, supplied with by virtue of descent from the occipital somites set of nerve fibers forming the hypoglossal nerve, which only in higher vertebrates has become a real cranial nerves. The rest of the hyoid muscles (below the hyoid bone) is a continuation of the ventral trunk muscles, innervated by the anterior branch of spinal nerves. Thus, to understand the location and fixation of the muscles must be considered, but their functions, and also development (see Fig. 66, 67).

psychology: We fight stress

Each of us in his life repeatedly passed through the excitement and stress. The reason for such an unpleasant experience could be anything: difficulties at work, in personal relationships, health problems or any major event. It would seem that a wedding - the happiest day in the life of women. But the preparations for it can cause considerable stress. Can not find a good restaurant, toastmaster brings on wedding dresses prices higher than you expect - enough to survive the most genuine emotion.

It is worth remembering that any emotion leaves its traces and influences the human body. What you get older, the more difficult to survive stressful situations. You are preparing for the exam, and a lot of issues, important meeting tomorrow, and the report was not ready, study directory inexpensive wedding dressesBut do not know which one to choose - the main thing is not to panic! Because every situation you can find a way out, while maintaining nerve cells.

For students and pupils of psychologists are advised not to overload the body tonic drink, do not teach at night, good night's sleep, drink, vitamins, especially of group B. In order to overcome stress in the workplace are encouraged to develop a system of priorities in the work, ie do not throw anything and everything and break things in order of importance. Learn how to get along with superiors and colleagues - and then many problems will disappear without a trace. You should always find time for rest and proper eating.

Often the cause of stress may not be the man himself, and the surrounding environment. Working in conditions of high or low temperatures, poor lighting or constant noise a person gradually loses health, the oppressed and depressed.

Here is the universal advice for coping compiled nutritionists and psychologists. For the prevention and stress management is recommended to drink teas, for example, black tea reduces the stress hormone because the content of catechins, polyphenols. Eating nuts helps produce serotonin: they contain zinc, magnesium, and vitamins. Berries such as blueberries or blackberries, contain antioxidants and vitamin C, as opposed to severe stress. And in general, eat more vitamin C - it will soften the body's reaction to stress.

There is a very effective means to combat any stress - aromatherapy. To soothe the body, use lavender, lemon balm, chamomile and geranium. Oil can drip in the aroma lamp, water bath or lubricate them whiskey.

Sport - one of the greatest tools against stress. Yoga, fitness, swimming pool, simple exercises in the workplace - no matter what you choose, for any exercise improves mood and enhance health.

Do not forget to laugh often, learn to switch and try to find pluses even in the most desperate situations. And then the stress will leave you for a long time.

psychology: How are men suffer?

In 2001, a German monthly magazine "Psychologie Heute" published representative data on the deep clinical depression, which has exogenous (ie, caused by a specific event). Patients were divided into groups by gender.

Men commit suicide more often than women, 4 times. Specially themselves maim themselves, to bring the mental pain to a more tolerant physical, 8 times more often. Anorexia (refusal of food) happens to them in 2 times more often, and alcohol dependency - 6 times. Criminalize aggression in this period (mostly fights and beatings) are found only in men. Brain men initially produces approximately 20-30% less serotonin, responsible for the sensation of pleasure. When depression effect of this neurohormone is even more diminished.

Depression or prolonged sadness leads people of both sexes to a state of stupefaction. Studies have shown the guru of modern neuroscience, American Antonio Damasio, sad to strike comes less thoughts than those who consider themselves happy or at least ordinary. This is accompanied by depression, a kind of torpor more often with men than with women.

In addition, approximately 19% of men suffering from depression more than eighteen months, diagnosed with clear signs of syndrome, alexithymia, ie complete inability to sensation, perception, understanding and above all to express or verbalize their own emotions. Typical aleksitimiku equally boring that at the funeral, that at the wedding, he did not see any difference in order to give his wife flowers or to give money to make it their very own bought. Neither the wife nor the flowers do not cause it the slightest emotion. As well as money ... Typical, according to psychiatrists, defensive full displacement. The women did not found this syndrome.

Man suffers in another way ...

This paradox - Men's depression is treated much easier for women. The research team from the University of Toronto concluded that the use of placebo instead of an antidepressant in men in half of the cases gives the same therapeutic effect as the use of the antidepressant. This is a surprisingly large percentage. Usually so-called placebo effect works only in 12% of cases. Experiencing emotional distress men really do not need chemicals. They want a faith that something will help. Men can inspire much more than women. They should only want to hear what they say.

But in life, men rarely use these the features. When a man suffers, on the contrary, doing everything to not let on. A call for professional psychological help considers the loss of masculinity. For such cases, as time and there virtual psychologist - A professional who deals counseling using the Internet. When contacting virtual office psychologist You can not leave the house to preserve anonymity and to feel the full psychological security.